Analysis Directive Speech Act And Communication Approach Between Teachers And Students In The Learning Process

The objectives of the research are to describe the types of directive speech acts of the teacher and student in learning and explain a pragmatic meaning of directive speech acts in the interaction of teacher and student in class XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng year of 2020/2021. This research method was a qualitative descriptive method with the purpose of getting an objective description of the teacher and student speech in the interaction of teaching and learning in class XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng. Data collection techniques usedin this study were uninvolved conversation techniques, recording techniques, and note-taking techniques. The data collection technique was used by researcher togain complete data regarding the types of directive speech acts.The researcher carried out the analysis includes four phases: identification, classification, interpretation, and report. Data gained in this study amounted to 16 speeches. There were 4types ofdirective speech acts from 16 speeches: types of directive speech acts questions, command, request, and prohibition. The pragmatic meaning found as follows: sense ofreminding, directing, commanding, pleading, recommending, and criticizing.


INTRODUCTION
Language is a tool or means of communication that is very important in teaching and learning interactions.Language as a means of communication is used by teachers and students to interact with each other.Through good communication activities will create teaching and learning interactions that run inaccordance with the goals to be achieved.Therefore, the role of language in learning cannot be separated because teaching and learning interactions cannot run smoothly without language functions.Speech acts in the teaching and learning process in the classroom can be used as pragmatic teaching.Pragmatics is a study that studies the meaning associated with said situations (Leech, 1993: 8).Pragmatics examines the meaning of speech desired by speakers and according to its context.Context in this case serves as a basis for consideration in describing the meaning of speech in the context of using language in communication.One of the objects of pragmatic study is tutoring action .Speech act in the teaching and learning process is a form of using ISSN 2460-4739 (print) *Correspondence:

Sam Hermansyah Analysis Directive Speech Act And Communication Approach Between Teachers And Students In The Learning
language that is in accordance with the topic of conversation, the purpose of the conversation, the situation and the place where the conversation takes place.In the teaching and learning process , the role of the teacher is inseparable from the efforts to guide students so that they are able to use good and correct language to communicate according to the context.In addition, teachers must be able to guide and attract students to acts that are good and appropriate to the context in the teaching and learning process will create an impressive teaching and learning atmosphere for teachers and students.

METHODS
The type of research that will be used is a descriptive qualitative research method with the aim of obtaining an objective description of the speech of teachers and students in the teaching and learning process in class XI MA Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng.The descriptive type of qualitative research method, namely research carried out solely based on existing facts or phenomena that empirically live in the speaker so that what is produced or recorded is in the form of a language description which can be said to be like a portrait or exposure as it is, Sudaryanto (in Muhamad 2014: 192).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results of the data analysis of this study describe the types of directive speech acts and the pragmatic meaning of the directive speech acts of teachers and students in teaching and learning activities in class XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng.Directive speech acts are speech acts that express the speaker's attitude towards the actions that will be carried out by the speech partner (Ibrahim, 1993: 27).Ibrahim divides directive speech acts into 6 types, namely, requests (requstives), orders (requirements), questions (questions), prohibitions (prohibitives), advice (advisories), and granting permission (permissives).In this study, the researcher found 4 types of directive speech acts from the 6 directive speech acts proposed by Ibrahim.
The following is an explanation of the results of research on the types of directive speech acts and the pragmatic meaning of teacher and student speech in teaching and learning activities at XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng.In conducting the research, the researcher found 4 types of directive speech acts in the speech of teachers and students in teaching and learning activities in class XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng.

Directive Speech Action Questions
The type of question directive speech act is a question speech act which means that in uttering an utterance, the speaker asks for information from the speech partner through Ibrahim's (1993:32) question.The following is an example of directive speech act speech data.

Context :
The story takes place in the morning.The speech took place in class XI MIPA 2 when the atmosphere was not conducive when the teacher asked students about the original form of verbs.The speaker is a teacher while the speech partner is the student who answers the teacher's questions about the original form of the verb.
Speech (1) is included in the type of directive speech act, the question can be seen from the teacher's words: "ada yang tau kata kerja yang berbentuk asli itu apa?" Through this speech, the speaker asks the speech partner related to the explanation that has been read by the speaker.The utterance is spoken when the teacher explains the material and then asks questions related to the material.The questions asked by the teacher relate to the speaker's desire to obtain information in the form of students' understanding of the original form of verbs.The above utterance is a type of question directive speech act.

Command Directive Speech
Command speech acts indicate that when uttering an utterance, the speaker wants the speech partner to do an action (2) Guru : well, silahkan tadarus dulu nak surah al baqarah ayat 1-7 ,semoga pembelajaran kita hari ini berkah!Siswa : (tadarus) Guru: let's start!Context: The utterances are spoken by the teacher to the students when they want to start the lesson and then the teacher directs the students to start tadarus first.
Speech ( 2) is a type of directive speech act that can be seen from the speech spoken by the teacher: "silahkan tadarus dulu nak surah al baqarah ayat 1-7 ,semoga pembelajaran kita hari ini berkah!".Through this the speaker gives orders to the speech partner to take an action in the form of tadarus.Another reason that supports that the teacher's speech is a type of command directive speech act is that the speaker's relationship is higher than that of the speech partner, therefore whatever is ordered by the speaker here will always be obeyed by the speech partner.

Request Directive Speech Action
According to Ibrahim (1993: 32) The speech act of request shows that in saying something, the speaker asks the speech partner to do an action. (

3) Guru: maam minta please listen my intruction ,silahkan bentuk kelompok ,open your worksheet dan kerjakan task 1 2 3 4.
Siswa: sekarang maam?Guru : iyya nak Context : The speech occurred in class XI MIPA 2 in the morning.The utterance occurs after the teacher explains the material then the teacher asks the students to group and work on assignments about personal letters.The speaker is a teacher and the speech partner is a student.
Speech data (3)"maam minta please listen my intruction ,silahkan bentuk kelompok ,open your worksheet dan kerjakan task 1 2 3 4. " included in the type of request directive speech act.Through this speech, the speaker expresses his desire to the hearer to take action.The speaker wants the speech partner to form a group first and then do the tasks on personal letters.The utterance is spoken to students when the teacher has finished explaining the subject matter.

Prohibition Directive Speech Act
According to the KBBI, prohibition is an order (rule) that prohibits doing something.

Siswa : yes maam,thankyou
Context : Speech occurs in class XI MIPA 2 in the morning and is addressed to the speech partner.Speech occurs when the teacher gives assignments to students at the end of the lesson.The speaker is a teacher and the speech partner is a student.
Speech data (4)"please, jangan ada yang mengirim tugas lewat dari deadline yang maam tentukan ,okay sofinish it" included in the type of prohibitive directive speech act.This utterance is realized in the form of a reminder because the utterance occurs when the teacher gives assignments to students to be sent on time.Through this speech, the speaker reminds the speech partner.The utterance is included in the type of prohibitive directive speech act because Laogi: English Language Journal https://jurnal.umsrappang.ac.id/laogi/indexJanuari | Volume 8 | Issue 1 13 the speaker forbids the speech partner to send the task beyond the deadline.

The Pragmatic Meaning of Teacher and Student Directive Speech Acts in Learning Class
XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng Wijana and Rohmadi (2009: 215) explain that essentially every speech conveyed by the speaker to the interlocutor has a specific purpose and purpose.Meanwhile, Rahardi (2011:12) explains that the determinant of pragmatic meaning is the existence of the context itself.The pragmatic context is all kinds of aspects that are outside of language which are the main determinants for the presence of a linguistic meaning.Meaning and intent have the main purpose of every communication between speakers and speech partners.
In analyzing the directive speech acts of teachers and students in learning activities for class XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng has various contexts so that the intentions found are also varied.The meaning of the utterance is conveyed directly or indirectly.The pragmatic meaning found by researchers in analyzing the speech between teachers and students in class XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng is the meaning of reminding, directing, ordering, pleading, recommending, and criticizing.The following is an explanation of the speech intent found in the study.

The Meaning of Pragmatics Reminds
According to Prayitno (2011: 46-48) the meaning of reminding is to express speech that contains the intention of giving advice or reminding the speech partner, so that the speech partner becomes better.
Siswa: personal letter Guru: Apasih personal letter itu?Siswa: surat pribadi Context : Speech occurs in class XI MIPA 2 in the morning and is addressed to the speech partner.Speech occurs at the end of the lesson before the teacher closes the lesson.The speaker is a teacher and the speech partner is a student.
Speech (1) contains a pragmatic meaning of reminding with the question mode it can be seen from the teacher's words "Guru: Sebelum mengakhiri pembelajaran hari ini ,coba kita tadi belajar apa?" From the speech, the speaker asks the speech partner to evaluate the material being studied.The utterance is spoken by the speaker at the end of the lesson.The utterance contains a pragmatic meaning of "reminding" because through this speech the speaker has the aim of reminding the speech partner not to forget the personal letter material.

The Meaning of Pragmatics Directing
According to Prayitno (2011: 57) the meaning of directing is to express speech which has the intention of giving explicit instructions or guidance to the speech partner, so that the speech partner does something as said by the speaker.
(2) Guru: next maam akan kasi tugas, jangan lupa ditulis dibuku tugasnya ,soalnya pilihan ganda ,ada 10 nomor .kemudiandilingkari yang menurut kalian benar ,jadi ditulis semua option nya ,lalu lingkari yang benarnya ,setelah itu silahkan difoto kemudian dikirim ke maam via japri .Siswa: yes maam Context : Speech occurs in class XI MIPA 2 in the morning and is addressed to the speech partner.Speech occurs at the end of the lesson, the teacher gives task instructions before closing the lesson.The speaker is a teacher and the speech partner is a student.Speech data (2) contains a pragmatic meaning of directing it can be seen from the teacher's speech "soalnya pilihan ganda ,ada 10 nomor .kemudiandilingkari yang menurut kalian benar ,jadi ditulis semua option nya ,lalu lingkari yang benarnya ,setelah itu silahkan difoto kemudian dikirim ke maam via japri".Through this speech, the speaker intends to untuk bertanya yah."Through this speech, the speaker gives advice to the speech partner to consult.

The Meaning of Pragmatics Criticism
The pragmatic meaning of criticizing is the act of giving hard input on the actions of the speech partner (Prayitno, 2011:75).The meaning of criticizing found in this study can be seen below.(6) Guru: oiya ,maam koreksi sedikit ,yang benar itu : may I give you bukan gives yah (mungkin ini salah ketik aja kan ) karena ketika kita menggunakan May ,Can, dll maka kata kerja yang digunakan harus bentuk asli ,tidak ada penambahan s/es/ed/ing.

Siswa: yes maam
Context: The speech takes place in the morning in class XI MIPA 2 when there are students who ask questions, and the teacher corrects the questions because they are not quite right.The speaker is the teacher, while the speech partners are students who ask questions.
Speech data (6) contains the meaning of criticizing.seen from the teachers speech"oiya ,maam koreksi sedikit ,yang benar itu : may I give you bukan gives yah (mungkin ini salah ketik aja kan ) karena ketika kita menggunakan May ,Can, dll maka kata kerja yang digunakan harus bentuk asli ,tidak ada penambahan s/es/ed/ing.Through this speech, the speaker criticizes the questions given by the speech partner.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of data analysis regarding the analysis of directive speech acts in class XI Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng, the researcher can draw several conclusions regarding the types of directive speech acts and pragmatic meaning in the types of directive speech acts.
Directive speech acts are speech acts that are intended by the speaker to influence the speech partner to take a certain action.The results of this study found 3 types of 'question' directive speech acts, 4 types of 'command' directive speech acts, 2 types of 'request' speech acts, and 1 type of 'prohibition' directive speech act.The types of directive speech acts can be found after observing the speech situation and the data analysis process.
In addition to analyzing the types of directive speech acts, the researcher also aims to analyze the meaning of directive speech acts.In analyzing the pragmatic meaning in the type of directive speech act, the researcher certainly understands the context of the speech situation to find out the meaning contained in the speech.The results of this study, found six pragmatic meanings in learning, namely, 1 meaning to remind, 1 meaning to direct, 1 meaning to command, 1 meaning to encourage, 1 to ask, 1 meaning to criticize.

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Types of Directive Speech Acts of Teachers and Students in the Learning Process Class XI MIPA 2 Pondok Pesantren Al-Urwatul Wutsqaa Benteng