Implication of Interrogation Conversions Against Traffic Breakers: A Forensic Linguistic Study

This study describes linguistic phenomena and forms of conversational implicatures using forensic linguistic studies. The purpose of this study is to reveal the implicature analysis of juvenile traffic violations during the interrogation process and to reveal speech acts and speech events in interrogation language against juvenile traffic violations in terms of forensics. linguistic perspective. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques are recording, recording, and interviewing. The results of this study indicate that teenagers who violate traffic regulations tend to cover up their mistakes by providing convoluted information or information. This can be seen from the answers given to the police. During the interrogation process, many violations of Grice's cooperative principle. In addition, the police need to pay attention to the language patterns used when interrogating youths who violate traffic rules so that the juveniles can provide information about the violations committed without pressure and coercion.


INTRODUCTION
Road traffic and transportation have a strategic role in supporting development and national integration as part of efforts to promote public welfare as mandated by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.Road transportation is organized with the aim of realizing safe, secure road traffic and transportation., fast, smooth, orderly, and regularly comfortable and efficient.But lately there are still traffic violations that occur in the community resulting in accidents.
Traffic accidents in Indonesia by the World Health Organization (WHO) are considered to be the third biggest killer, after coronary heart disease and tuberculosis/TB.WHO data in 2011 stated that there were around 400,000 victims under the age of 25 who died on the roads, with an average death rate of 1,000 children and adolescents every day.In fact, traffic accidents are the main cause of death for children in the world, with an age range of 10-24 years (BIN, 2013).The high number of traffic accidents occurs because modern society places transportation as a necessity of life, due to economic, social and so on.Therefore,.
accidents in the world of transportation have a significant impact in various areas of people's lives.In Indonesia, The number of motorized vehicles that increases every year and human negligence are the main factors for the increase in traffic accidents.According to data from the Indonesian National Police, in 2012 there were 109,038 accident cases with 27,441 deaths, while in 2011, there were 109,776 accidents, with 31,185 deaths (BIN, 2013).Traffic accidents can also be caused by the disobedience of motorized vehicle users in complying with traffic regulations.As is the case in big cities, especially in the city of Surabaya, where there are often many traffic violations committed, especially by students.Those who violate mostly do not obey the rules that have been set, such as violations of road markings, traffic signs, not having a driver's license, did not carry a vehicle registration, did not wear a helmet and rode three people.So that the police take action by interrogating everything that causes the violation to occur, especially in traffic violations for teenagers using forensic linguistics.
Forensic linguistics is the relationship between language and law enforcement, problems, legislation, disputes or legal processes that have the potential to involve some violation of the law or the need to obtain legal remedies (Olsson, 2008).Language and law are interdisciplinary fields that are currently attracting the attention of various groups such as linguists, law experts, and educators (Udina, 2017).Language has a very big role in the law enforcement process.
Language is a practical and effective tool in expressing the truth.One of the fields of language that studies legal issues is forensic linguistics.Forensic linguistics applies linguistic theories in a linguistic event that involves a legal process (Subyantoro, 2019).Therefore, forensic linguistics is a language study related to the investigation of violations of the law.Forensic communication studies are related to the hidden meaning behind the words of traffic offenders, especially for teenagers.To develop forensic communication, discourse analysis techniques are used to find the motives and goals of the perpetrator's communication (Hamad, 2018).Teenagers who violate traffic regulations are not immediately punished, but are interrogated about the causes of traffic violations.A series of questions from the police with teenagers who violate traffic regulations and answers to questions from teenagers who violate traffic regulations in the form of units of letters, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and grammatical units of linguistic studies.That is, when the police use language that reflects politeness, nobility, nobility, beauty, and friendship in the interrogation process, it will facilitate and accelerate the success of interrogation activities on traffic violations, especially for teenagers who violate traffic rules.However, if the police use language that reflects intimidation, harassment, accusing, rebuking, insulting, abusive, or using hostile vocabulary, it will hinder the interrogation process.The ability of the police in language greatly affects the success or failure of the interrogation process for traffic violators.Many police officers failed to carry out interrogation activities due to their inability to speak.Language studies in the interrogation process between the police and those who violate traffic regulations, namely teenagers.This is what will be described in terms of the types and methods of traffic violations, especially for teenagers using forensic linguistic studies.
The basic principle of forensic linguistics is the analysis of linguistic samples for law enforcement purposes.Methods and techniques in the study of forensic linguistics can be in the form of micro or macro linguistics.This study uses a pragmatic approach which is part of macro linguistics as a method and technique to describe the data in this study.Pragmatics is a branch of linguistics that examines the relationship between language and context.The theory used in this research is the Grice cooperation principle.Grice argues that in order to implement the cooperative principle, each speaker must comply with the four conversational maxims (conventional maxims), namely quantity (maxim of quantity), quality (maxim of quality), relevance (maxim of relevance), and implementation (maxim of quality).manner) (Nugroho, 2018).The four maxims are used to parse data about the types and ways of acts of teenagers who violate traffic.Thus, the title of this research is the Implicature of Interrogation Conversations Against Traffic Violations: Forensic Studies.
Conversational implicatures for teenagers who violate traffic because they are relatively new so that they have not been considered as an adequate field of study.In addition, the existence of violations of the four maxims of conversation in the interrogation process is very Laogi: English Language Journal http://jurnal.umsrappang.ac.id/laogi/index interesting to study and study.Violation of one or even the four maxims of conversation will give a strange impression.These discrepancies can be in the form of teenagers violating traffic by providing information that is excessive, irrelevant, or convoluted.Why do teenagers commit traffic violations against certain maxims?This will be investigated in depth using a forensic linguistic study to find out the reason or intent of the violation of the conversational maxims.This research is expected to contribute to the world of education and the development of forensic linguistic studies.Through conversational implicatures when interrogating teenagers who violate traffic, the reasons or motives behind the violations committed by the teenagers can be known.In addition, a good and targeted interrogation process can facilitate the interrogation process so that it can obtain information or confessions from teenagers who violate traffic without any pressure and coercion.This research is in line with the research conducted by Sri Waljinah from the Indonesian Language Education Study Program, FKIP, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta entitled Interrogation Forensic Linguistics: A Study of Conversational Implicatures From the Perspective of the Symbolic Meaning of Legal Language.The results of forensic linguistic analysis in interrogation conversations prove that the rules of discourse analysis based on a pragmatic approach can be applied to reveal the symbolic meaning of legal language, namely conversational implicatures.Conversational discourse in interrogation language must consider verbal and non-verbal language to create a comfortable situation and realize humanist communication in interrogation in the police (Waljinah, 2016).
Further research was carried out by Sri Waljinah and Harun Joko Prayitno from the Indonesian Language Education Study Program, FKIP, University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta in 2012 entitled Forms and Patterns of Interrogation Language Speech Actions in the Perspective of Forensic Linguistic Analysis.There are three things that can be concluded from the results of this study.First, speech acts and speech events that occur in the interrogation process lead to cooperative actions with verbal language that make the speech partners feel appreciated so that mutual communication occurs smoothly and humanely.Second, speech that tends to press to obtain the truth of information, quantity, and relations can lead to misunderstandings that cause discomfort to the speech partner so they choose to avoid the next conversation.Third, In connection with the background presented, the problems to be studied can be detailed as follows.1.How is the analysis of the conversational implicatures of youth traffic violations during the interrogation process based on Grice's cooperative principle?2. How are speech acts and speech events in the interrogation language of traffic violations juveniles from the perspective of forensic linguistics?Based on the formulation of the problem, the objectives of this study are as follows.1. Disclosing the implicature analysis of juvenile traffic violations during the interrogation process based on the Grice cooperation principle.2. Disclosing speech acts and speech events in the interrogation language of traffic violations juveniles from the perspective of forensic linguistics.

METHODS
This study uses a descriptive type of qualitative approach.In addition, this research is focused on the conversations of teenagers with traffic violations during the interrogation process carried out by the police.Speech acts and speech events in the interrogation language used were observed to reveal the forensic linguistic study that occurred.The data of this research is the speech of teenagers who violate traffic with the principle of cooperation or conversational implicatures.The principle of cooperation consists of four maxims, namely quantity, quality, relationship or relevance, and method or implementation.The data source comes from teenagers who violate traffic regulations consisting of 50 teenagers who violate traffic regulations in Sinjai.Data collection techniques were carried out through recordings from the recordings made orthographic transcriptions for analysis, recording, and interviews.The data analysis technique was carried out through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions.

Result Conversational Implicature Analysis of Teenagers Violating Traffic Rules Based on Grice Cooperation Principles
When communicating, a speaker articulates utterances with the intention of communicating something to the other person and hopes that the other person can understand what is being communicated.Therefore, speakers always try to make their speech always relevant to the context, clear, easy to understand, dense, and concise (consice), and always on the issue (straight forward) so as not to waste the time of the interlocutor.1. Quantity maxim The maxim of quantity is to provide sufficient information or the amount required by the speech partner.The recording of the conversation between the police and the teenager who violated traffic regulations is as follows.

Police
: "How much is a boncenganta, son?" R : "2, sir.J and W" The police and teenagers who violate traffic are working together.The police and the teenager asked the number of rides from the teenager and the teenager answered "2, sir.Rian and Wahyu" This conversation refers to numbers.

Quality maxim
The maxim of quality suggests that speech participants in interacting do not provide information that is believed to be false (lie) and does not provide information that is not supported by sufficient evidence.This can be seen in conversations between the police and teenagers who violate traffic R : "Nabilang Wahyu, the green light is here.So, crossing over, sir?" Police : "See if the traffic light before crossing, son" R : "No sir".
In the conversation, the teenager who violated the traffic stated the truth because he did not see the traffic light while passing.

Maxim of relevance
The maxim of relevance suggests that the speech participants provide information that is relevant to the topic of conversation.In its realization, the speech participants in an interaction obey the maxim of the relationship by conveying utterances that contain information that is relevant to the flow of interaction being followed.The following is a conversation between the police and a teenager who violated traffic rules.
Police : "Son, look at the traffic light because my friend is looking at it".R : "I saw it, but I glanced at it.It's also covered with billboards for the candidate for regent, sir." The questions asked by the police as well as the answers from teenagers who violated traffic regulations have complied with the maxim of relevance.

Maxim of way
The maxim of manner means that speech participants in an interaction obey the maxim of manner by avoiding ambiguous speech, avoiding speech that has multiple meanings, not being convoluted, and delivering speech regularly.This conversation has complied with the maxim of manner by answering questions from the police.If in a conversation there is a deviation, then there are certain implications that the speaker wants to achieve.If the implication does not exist, then the speaker concerned does not cooperate or is not cooperative.If the communication does not work properly then there has been a violation of the principle of cooperation.
In a conversation between the police and a teenager who violated traffic rules, he violated the maxim of quantity, as follows.
Police : "Now, you feel violated or not, son".R : "I did not violate Sir.Because I was late, so hurry up, just when the red light was on, my friend said it was green light.That's why I crossed and I saw Jiq, sir."Juveniles who violate the law give too much information to the questions asked by the police.Thus, the teenagers who violate the maxim have violated the quantity maxim.
Police : "What can guarantee that it does not violate ki, son".R : "I don't know, sir".
The conversation above has violated the principle of cooperation, namely the maxim of relevance.The answer given by the teenager who violated the traffic had nothing to do with the police question.

Police
: "What can guarantee that don't break it, son."R : "I don't know, sir".Police : "Hmm".R : "The point, sir.I stopped at a red light.My friend said green light.So, cross.Police : "Anyway, explain everything in the office, son".R : "Ask my friend if you don't believe me, sir" The conversation above has violated the maxim of manner because the youth who violated it spoke convolutedly, not briefly so that the speech partner did not get the expected information.

Speech Actions and Speech Events in Interrogation Language
Teenagers who violate traffic rules and the police when interrogating teenagers who violate traffic rules seem to intimidate the violators so that the atmosphere becomes tense.
According to forensic linguistic parameters related to the truth or accuracy of the content, there are several choices of words and sentences that tend to be suppressed which can be categorized as verbal violence so that it makes teenagers who violate traffic rules uncomfortable.This resulted in the answers given by teenagers who violated traffic regulations were not in accordance with the wishes of the police.Teenagers who violate traffic rules think that giving the truth is the same as dealing with the consequences of receiving legal action or being punished if they make a mistake.
Based on the forensic linguistic parameters of the police's speech, "Let me say a thousand times, no, no, I will not believe it because it is a violation.Why did you learn to lie? Ah!The punishment is more severe if you say no, even though you violated it, one time I asked you, I called the old man, have you ever violated traffic or not?Hmm?" it can be said that the police's speech pressures teenagers who violate traffic rules to admit their mistakes.But the teenager who broke the traffic rules answered "No." as an effort to emphasize that he had never violated traffic rules.The police repeatedly asked teenagers who violated traffic rules to admit their actions using offensive language, but the teenager tried to evade it by giving complicated explanations.One of the youths who violated traffic regulations admitted to what he had done after the police informed them of the sanctions they would receive if they lied.

Discussion
Referring to the research results and findings above, three things can be formulated.First, Grice's cooperative principle which is described in the maxims is not always obeyed by teenagers who violate traffic rules.Violation of Grice's cooperative principle creates conversational implicatures.Observing the factors causing the violation of the maxims of quantity, quality, relevance, and manner is the main attraction in pragmatic research on legal cases.Second, speech that tends to press to obtain information can cause discomfort to the interlocutor so that the interrogated party chooses to avoid conversations that provide convoluted information or information.Third, speech acts by utilizing the conversational principles contained in pragmatic theory produce interrogation language patterns that can be used by interrogators to obtain information from the interrogated party.This research can be used as a basis for the police so that when conducting the interrogation process on teenagers who violate traffic regulations, they should not be carried away by emotions and use words that are cornering and judgmental.This resulted in teenagers who violated traffic regulations did not provide information as desired by the police.In addition, the information conveyed by teenagers who violate traffic regulations seems long and convoluted.This research can be used as a basis for the police so that when conducting the interrogation process on teenagers who violate traffic regulations, they should not be carried away by emotions and use words that are cornering and judgmental.This resulted in teenagers who violated traffic regulations did not provide information as desired by the police.In addition, the information conveyed by teenagers who violate traffic regulations seems long and convoluted.This research can be used as a basis for the police so that when conducting the interrogation process on teenagers who violate traffic regulations, they should not be carried away by emotions and use words that are cornering and judgmental.This resulted in teenagers who violated traffic regulations did not provide information as desired by the police.In addition, the information conveyed by teenagers who violate traffic regulations seems long and convoluted.This resulted in teenagers who violated traffic regulations did not provide information as desired by the police.In addition, the information conveyed by teenagers who violate traffic regulations seems long and convoluted.This resulted in teenagers who violated traffic regulations did not provide information as desired by the police.In addition, the information conveyed by teenagers who violate traffic regulations seems long and convoluted.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research and discussion of research results, it can be concluded that teenagers who violate traffic regulations tend to cover up their mistakes by providing convoluted information or information.This can be seen from the answers given to the police.During the interrogation process there were many violations of Grice's cooperative principle.In addition, the police need to pay attention to the language patterns used when interrogating youths who violate traffic rules so that the juveniles can provide information regarding the violations committed without pressure and coercion.