PHENOMENOLOGY OF THE TRANSFER COMMODITIES: UNCOVERING ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF COCOA AND OIL PALM FARMING
Abstract
Alih komoditas dari kakao ke kelapa sawit merupakan fenomena yang semakin berkembang di Kabupaten Luwu Utara sebagai respons terhadap perubahan kondisi ekonomi, produktivitas, dan prospek pasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan kinerja ekonomi usahatani kakao dan kelapa sawit sebagai dasar memahami faktor yang mendorong petani melakukan alih komoditas. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif-komparatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan kuesioner terhadap 51 responden yang terdiri atas 25 petani kakao dan 26 petani kelapa sawit. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan indikator pendapatan, R/C Ratio, dan B/C Ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua komoditas layak diusahakan karena memiliki nilai R/C Ratio dan B/C Ratio lebih besar dari satu. Namun, kelapa sawit memberikan kinerja ekonomi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kakao. Rata-rata pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit mencapai Rp.115.452.092 per tahun, sedangkan kakao sebesar Rp.61.066.474 per tahun. Selain itu, kelapa sawit memiliki produktivitas lebih tinggi, biaya produksi lebih rendah, serta tingkat efisiensi usaha yang lebih baik dibandingkan kakao. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pertimbangan ekonomi menjadi faktor utama yang mendorong petani beralih dari kakao ke kelapa sawit. Meskipun demikian, peningkatan produktivitas kakao melalui rehabilitasi tanaman, penerapan teknologi budidaya, pengendalian hama dan penyakit, serta penguatan penyuluhan masih berpotensi meningkatkan daya saing kakao sehingga keberlanjutan komoditas unggulan daerah tetap dapat dipertahankan.
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